Trichomoniasis
•
It
is a very common sexually transmitted disease (STD).
•
It
is caused by infection with a flagellated (motile) protozoan parasite called Trichomonas
vaginalis.
•
There
are no symptoms in many people. most people who have the parasite cannot tell
they are infected
•
The
parasite passes from an infected person to an uninfected person during sex.
•
In women, the most commonly infected part of
the body is the lower genital tract (vulva, vagina, cervix, or urethra).
•
In
men, the most commonly infected body part is the inside of the penis (urethra).
•
It is not common for the parasite to infect
other body parts, like the hands, mouth, or anus.
•
Infected
people without symptoms can still pass the infection on to others.
•
Trichomonas vaginalis resides in the female lower genital tract and the male urethra and
prostate & replicates by binary fission
•
The parasite does not appear to have a cyst
form, and does not survive well in the external environment.
• Trichomonas vaginalis is transmitted among humans.
•
human is only host to transmit disease
primarily by sexual intercourse.
Clinical features
•
About
70% of infected people do not have any signs or symptoms.
•
Symptoms
range from mild irritation to severe inflammation.
•
Some people with symptoms get them within 5 to
28 days after being infected.
•
Others do not develop symptoms until much
later. Symptoms can come and go.
•
Men
with trichomoniasis may notice:
–
Itching
or irritation inside the penis;
–
Burning
after urination or ejaculation;
–
Discharge
from the penis.
•
Women
with trichomoniasis may have
–
Itching,
burning, redness or soreness of the genitals;
–
Discomfort
with urination;
–
A
change in their vaginal discharge (i.e., thin discharge or increased volume)
that can be clear, white, yellowish, or greenish with an unusual fishy smell.
•
Trichomoniasis
can increase the risk of getting or spreading other sexually transmitted
infections.
•
trichomoniasis
can cause genital inflammation that makes it easier to get infected with
HIV or to pass the HIV virus on to a sex partner.
Complications
•
Pregnant
women with trichomoniasis are more likely to have their babies too early
(preterm delivery).
•
babies
born to infected mothers are more likely to have a low birth weight (less than
5.5 pounds).
•
Transmit
the infection to the baby through birth canal.
•
Causing
cervical cancer. But is unclear
•
In
males risk of developing prostrate cancer and spread due to inflammation
Diagnosis
Ø Microscopy
•
vaginal
or cervical samples and from urethral or prostatic secretions
1. by saline wet
mount look for characteristic jerky movements or twitching motility
–
Adv:
wet mount examination is clearly the most cost-effective diagnostic test,
–
lack
of sensitivity contributes to the underdiagnosis of the disease.
–
viable
organisms are required, delay in transport and evaporation of moisture from the
specimen reduces motility and, consequently, diagnostic sensitivity.
2. Fixed smear.
Stained with acridine orange ,giemsa stain
3. Direct fluorescence antibody
more sensitive than
wet mount
Ø Culture( gold standard method)
Ø Serology
Ø Demonstration of antigen in vaginal
smear by Elisa
Ø Molecular method
Prevention
•
Have
safe sex
•
use
condoms (male or female) every time you have vaginal or anal sex
•
if
you have oral sex, cover the penis with a condom or the female genitals with a
latex or polyurethane square (a dam)
•
if
you're a woman and rub your vulva against your female partner's vulva, one of
you should cover your genitals with a dam
•
avoid
sharing sex toys – if you do share them, wash them or cover them with a new
condom before anyone else uses them
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